In this type of amyloidosis the ß2microglobulin (ß2m) concentrations in blood and in joints are very high. Body retention of ß2m is caused by an ineffective clearance of this protein because it is just too large to pass dialysis membranes easily. The concentration in blood can be 10 to 50 times higher than in patients with a normal renal function. Beside the high concentration also a biochemical change (so-called AGE modification) seems to play a role in formation of this type of amyloid. The only way currently available to normalise ß2m levels in blood is receiving a kidney transplant. After kidney transplantation the clinical progression seems to stop. Drugs used to prevent rejection of the kidney transplant may also be helpful to suppress signs and symptoms of this type of amyloid. Recently newer dialysis membranes have been introduced with a higher clearance of proteins such as ß2m, resulting in a more moderate increase of the serum concentration of these proteins.