In localised forms of amyloidosis surgery is the only way to influence and possibly stop the disease process. However, after surgery amyloid frequently returns. Therefore it is often necessary to repeat surgery one or more times before the process spontaneously seems to become quiet. In rare cases local deposition is related to a localised monoclonal plasma cell proliferation or can be part of systemic amyloidosis (frequently AL type). In these cases surgery only is not sufficient and therapy is also aimed to treat the underlying localised or systemic plasma cell dyscrasia.